Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
What is EMDR?
EMDR therapy is based on the Adaptive Information Processing model, which posits that symptoms of PTSD and other disorders arise from unprocessed traumatic memories. These memories, when triggered, can cause emotional and psychological distress. EMDR aims to change the way these memories are stored in the brain, reducing their vividness and emotional impact.The therapy involves an eight-phase approach:
History-taking and Treatment Planning: The therapist and client identify targets for treatment, including past memories, current triggers, and future goals.
Preparation: The therapist explains the treatment process and ensures the client is ready to manage any emotional responses.
Assessment: The therapist activates the target memory by identifying its components, such as images, emotions, and physical sensations.
Desensitization: The client focuses on the memory while experiencing bilateral stimulation (e.g., eye movements), which helps reduce its emotional charge.
Installation: Positive beliefs are strengthened to replace negative ones associated with the memory.
Body Scan: The client checks for any residual physical tension related to the memory.
Closure: The session ends with the client feeling calm and secure.
Reevaluation: The therapist assesses the client's progress and makes any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.
EMDR therapy is distinct from other trauma-focused therapies as it does not require detailed descriptions of the trauma or homework assignments. Instead, it relies on the brain's natural capacity to process and heal from traumatic experiences.